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Mozayyan Esfahani H, Nikmehr A, Rostami S. Immune Evasion Mechanisms of Acinetobacter baumannii: A Narrative Review. JoMMID 2026; 14 (1) :24-40
URL: http://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-749-en.html
Immune Evasion Mechanisms of Acinetobacter baumannii: A Narrative Review
Hafez Mozayyan Esfahani * , Arefe Nikmehr , Soodabeh Rostami
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
Abstract:   (1704 Views)
Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug-resistant, Gram-negative pathogen known for causing severe healthcare-associated infections. This bacterium effectively evades host immune defenses through multiple strategies. It alters surface components such as lipopolysaccharides and capsular polysaccharides to avoid recognition by pattern recognition receptors and resist complement activation. The pathogen also forms biofilms and delivers virulence factors via outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and a type VI secretion system, and secretes virulence-associated enzymes, including proteases and phospholipases, to enhance survival. The pathogen neutralizes reactive oxygen species via antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, it degrades neutrophil extracellular traps to escape immune clearance. Some strains can survive intracellularly in macrophages and modulate inflammasome activation, thereby dysregulating innate immune signaling. By integrating these bacterial evasion strategies with the corresponding host defense responses, this review provides a framework for identifying novel therapeutic targets. Understanding this dynamic interplay between bacterial evasion and host defense mechanisms provides a comprehensive framework for developing novel therapeutic strategies.

 
Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, Multidrug resistance (MDR), Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), Immune evasion, Host-pathogen interaction, Biofilm, Complement evasion
Full-Text [PDF 578 kb]   (494 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Review article | Subject: Host-pathogen interactions and susceptibility factors
Received: 2025/07/15 | Accepted: 2025/12/10 | Published: 2026/03/17
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.