en Host-pathogen interactions and susceptibility factors Host-pathogen interactions and susceptibility factors Review article Review article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Acinetobacter baumannii</span></span></i><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> is a multidrug-resistant, Gram-negative pathogen known for causing severe healthcare-associated infections. This bacterium effectively evades host immune defenses through multiple strategies. It alters surface components such as lipopolysaccharides and capsular polysaccharides to avoid recognition by pattern recognition receptors and resist complement activation. The pathogen also forms biofilms and delivers virulence factors via outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and a type VI secretion system, and secretes virulence-associated enzymes, including proteases and phospholipases, to enhance survival. The pathogen neutralizes reactive oxygen species via antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, it degrades neutrophil extracellular traps to escape immune clearance. Some strains can survive intracellularly in macrophages and modulate inflammasome activation, thereby dysregulating innate immune signaling.</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> By integrating these bacterial evasion strategies with the corresponding host defense responses, this review provides a framework for identifying novel therapeutic targets. Understanding this dynamic interplay between bacterial evasion and host defense mechanisms provides a comprehensive framework for developing novel therapeutic strategies</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">.</span></span></span></span></span></div> <br> &nbsp; Acinetobacter baumannii, Multidrug resistance (MDR), Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), Immune evasion, Host-pathogen interaction, Biofilm, Complement evasion 24 40 http://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-666-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Hafez Mozayyan Esfahani hafezmozayyan@gmail.com 0009-0006-6788-8923 Yes Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Arefe Nikmehr Arefeniikmehr@gmail.com 0009-0001-9535-5378 No Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Esfahan, Iran. Soodabeh Rostami srostami1876@gmail.com 0000-0002-9281-0398 No Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.