Volume 13, Issue 4 (12-2025)                   JoMMID 2025, 13(4): 315-318 | Back to browse issues page

XML Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Maradia M, Gajjar S, Bajpai S, Patel D, Christian A, Patel D et al . Hand Hygiene Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Healthcare Staff at a Tertiary Cardiac Care Center. JoMMID 2025; 13 (4) :315-318
URL: http://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-643-en.html
Hand Hygiene Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Healthcare Staff at a Tertiary Cardiac Care Center
Mitali Maradia * , Shivani Gajjar , Shubendu Bajpai , Dipika Patel , Augustina Christian , Dhara Patel , Ivianjalina Khristi
U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre (Affiliated with B. J. Medical College), New Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad 380006, Gujarat, India
Abstract:   (267 Views)
Effective hand hygiene (HH) is a cornerstone of infection prevention in healthcare settings, particularly in tertiary cardiac care centers where healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose significant risks. This cross-sectional study evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported practices of HH among 661 nursing staff (98.3% of 661 respondents; response rate 65.4% of 1,010 total staff), at a tertiary cardiac care center in Ahmedabad, India. The survey, conducted via an online questionnaire (Google Forms), used an instrument with high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.89), revealed a mean knowledge score of 84.1%, an attitude score of 88.8%, and a practice score of 87.6%. Critical care nurses and staff with over 5 years of experience exhibited significantly higher knowledge scores compared to their counterparts (P < 0.001), while less experienced staff reported lower practice adherence. Positive attitudes were prevalent, with 94.4% willing to promote HH, though workload was cited by 64.9% of respondents as a major barrier to compliance. These findings highlight the need for targeted education for novice staff, workload management strategies, and continuous monitoring to sustain optimal HH compliance and mitigate HAI-related pathogen transmission.

 
Keywords: Hand Hygiene, Healthcare Staff, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, Tertiary Cardiac Care, Infection, Prevention
Full-Text [PDF 640 kb]   (70 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Short communication | Subject: Host-pathogen interactions and susceptibility factors
Received: 2023/12/26 | Accepted: 2025/12/10 | Published: 2026/02/3
References
1. Ferreira GB, Donadello JC, Mulinari LA. Healthcare-associated infections in a cardiac surgery service in Brazil. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg. 2020; 35 (5): 614-8. [DOI:10.21470/1678-9741-2019-0284] [PMID] [PMCID]
2. Lee AS, Huttner B, Harbarth S. Control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2011; 25 (1): 155-79. [DOI:10.1016/j.idc.2010.11.002] [PMID]
3. Mathur P. Hand hygiene: back to the basics of infection control. Indian J Med Res. 2011; 134 (5): 611-20. [DOI:10.4103/0971-5916.90985] [PMID] [PMCID]
4. World Health Organization. WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care: first global patient safety challenge clean care is safer care [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2009 [cited 2023 Apr 9]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241597906.
5. Pittet D, Mourouga P, Perneger TV. Compliance with handwashing in a teaching hospital. Infection Control Program. Ann Intern Med. 1999; 130 (2): 126-30. [DOI:10.7326/0003-4819-130-2-199901190-00006] [PMID]
6. World Health Organization. Hand hygiene: a manual for health-care workers. Patient Safety: A World Alliance for Safer Health Care. Geneva: WHO; 2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240041338
7. Pittet D, Allegranzi B, Storr J. The WHO Clean Care is Safer Care programme: field-testing to enhance sustainability and spread of hand hygiene improvements. J Infect Public Health. 2008; 1 (1): 4-10. [DOI:10.1016/j.jiph.2008.08.006] [PMID]
8. Whitby M, McLaws ML. Handwashing in healthcare workers: accessibility of sink location does not improve compliance. J Hosp Infect. 2004; 58 (4): 247-53. [DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2004.07.024] [PMID]
9. Darawad MW, Al-Hussami M, Almhairat II, Al-Sutari M. Investigating Jordanian nurses' handwashing beliefs, attitudes, and compliance. Am J Infect Control. 2012; 40 (7): 643-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.ajic.2011.08.018] [PMID]
10. Tuan Anuar TNA, Samsudin N, Rasudin NS, Zain NM. Knowledge and compliance regarding standard precautions among nursing students at Universiti Sains Malaysia. Int J Care Scholars. 2021; 4 (1): 10-7. [DOI:10.31436/ijcs.v4i1.158]
11. Mathur P. Prevention of healthcare-associated infections in low- and middle-income countries: The bundle approach. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2018; 36 (2): 155-62. [DOI:10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_18_152] [PMID]
12. Kudavidanage BP, Gunasekara TDCP, Hapuarachchi S. Knowledge, attitudes and practices on hand hygiene among ICU staff in Anuradhapura Teaching Hospital. Anuradhapura Med J. 2011; 5 (1): 29-40. [DOI:10.4038/amj.v5i1.5781]
13. Goyal A, Narula H, Gupta PK, Sharma A, Bhadoria AS, Gupta P. Evaluation of existing knowledge, attitude, perception and compliance of hand hygiene among health care workers in a tertiary care centre in Uttarakhand. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020; 9 (3): 1620-7. [DOI:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1183_19] [PMID] [PMCID]
14. Abd Rahim MH, Ibrahim MI. Hand hygiene knowledge, perception, and self-reported performance among nurses in Kelantan, Malaysia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs. 2022; 21 (1): 38. [DOI:10.1186/s12912-022-00820-6] [PMID] [PMCID]
15. Dreidi MM, Alrimawi I, Saifan R, Batiha AM. Hand hygiene knowledge, practices and attitudes among nurses and physicians. Health. 2016; 8 (5): 456-62. [DOI:10.4236/health.2016.85048]
16. Vikke HS, Vittinghus S, Betzer M, Giebner M, Kolmos HJ, Smith K, et al. Hand hygiene perception and self-reported hand hygiene compliance among emergency medical service providers: a Danish survey. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2019; 27 (1): 10. [DOI:10.1186/s13049-019-0587-5] [PMID] [PMCID]
17. Lee SS, Park SJ, Chung MJ, Lee JH, Kang HJ, Lee J, et al. Improved hand hygiene compliance is associated with the change of perception toward hand hygiene among medical personnel. Infect Chemother. 2014; 46 (3): 165-71. [DOI:10.3947/ic.2014.46.3.165] [PMID] [PMCID]
18. Akyol AD. Hand hygiene among nurses in Turkey: opinions and practices. J Clin Nurs. 2007; 16 (3): 431-7. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2005.01543.x] [PMID]
19. Ho SE, Ho CCK, Hng SH, Liu CY, Jaafar MZ, Lim B. Nurses compliance to hand hygiene practice and knowledge at Klang Valley hospital. Clin Ter. 2013; 164 (5): 407-11.
20. Maheshwari V, Kaore NCM, Ramnani VK, Gupta SK, Borle A, Kaushal R. A study to assess knowledge and attitude regarding hand hygiene amongst residents and nursing staff in a tertiary health care setting of Bhopal City. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014; 8 (8): DC04-7. [DOI:10.7860/JCDR/2014/8510.4696] [PMID] [PMCID]
21. Gould DJ, Hewitt-Taylor J, Drey NS, Gammon J, Chudleigh J, Weinberg JR. The CleanYourHandsCampaign: critiquing policy and evidence base. J Hosp Infect. 2007; 65 (2): 95-101. [DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2006.09.028] [PMID]
Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.