Volume 11, Issue 1 (3-2023)                   JoMMID 2023, 11(1): 20-27 | Back to browse issues page

XML Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Ndong Mba T, Moundounga Kenguele H, Nzamba U, Pambo-Pambo A B, Zang Mintsa R, Mickala P. Prevalence of Salmonella enterica Subspecies enterica Serovar Typhi (Salmonella typhi) Infection in Febrile Patients at the Sino-Gabonese Friendship Hospital in Franceville: A Two-Year Retrospective Study in South East Gabon. JoMMID 2023; 11 (1) :20-27
URL: http://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-460-en.html
Prevalence of Salmonella enterica Subspecies enterica Serovar Typhi (Salmonella typhi) Infection in Febrile Patients at the Sino-Gabonese Friendship Hospital in Franceville: A Two-Year Retrospective Study in South East Gabon
Thiéry Ndong Mba , Hilaire Moundounga Kenguele , Ulrick Nzamba , Arnaud Brice Pambo-Pambo , Romial Zang Mintsa , Patrick Mickala
Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology (LABMC), Masuku University of Science and Technology (USTM), Franceville, Gabon; Laboratory of Research in Biochemistry (LAREBIO), University of Sciences and Techniques of Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon
Abstract:   (895 Views)
Introduction: Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella typhi) causes typhoid fever. This disease is a global public health problem, particularly in developing countries like Gabon. Unfortunately, to our knowledge, little information exists in the epidemiological literature on the prevalence of Salmonella enterica infection in patients presenting with febrile illness in Gabon, particularly at the Sino-Gabonese Friendship Hospital in Franceville, in the southeast of the country. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted using the "Widal and Felix" serodiagnostic test results of febrile patients archived in the Medical Analysis Laboratory Records of the Sino-Gabonese Friendship Hospital in Franceville from June 2019 to May 2021. Results: The prevalence of Salmonella typhi in febrile patients was 58.88% [95% CI: 0.5 - 0.6]. The participants' age ranged from 15 to 49 years (mean 24.79 years). We observed that with 1724 cases and a percentage of 62.15% (P < 0.001), women were more infected than men, and the most affected age group was 14 to 49 years, with 1379 cases (49.71%).  During the study period, the seasonal distribution of Salmonella typhi infection indicated that quarter 6, corresponding to the small rainy season, with 16.58%, i.e., 460 cases,  had the highest cases. Conclusion: These results highlight the need to strengthen food safety hygiene in community markets and environmental sanitation to break the Salmonella typhi transmission in Franceville, Southeast Gabon.
Keywords: Salmonella typhi, Febrile patient, Franceville Gabon
Full-Text [PDF 691 kb]   (438 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Original article | Subject: Infectious diseases and public health
Received: 2022/04/20 | Accepted: 2023/04/18 | Published: 2023/05/20
References
1. World Health Organization fact sheet Salmonella (non typhoidal) reviewed September 2017.
2. Mba, T. N., Obiang, C. S., Elvis, O. N., Mombo, L. E., Ompana, M. A., Zogo, U. K. I., et al. Prevalence of Typhoid Fever in Franceville (Gabon): Case of the Sino-Gabonese Friendship Hospital; Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Data Over Three Years. Int J Trop Dis Health. 2021; 42 (6): 37-45. [DOI:10.9734/ijtdh/2021/v42i630465]
3. Bone A, Noel H, Le Hello S, Pihier N, Danan C, Raguenaud ME, et al. Nationwide outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype 4, 12: i:-infections in France, linked to dried pork sausage, March-May 2010. Euro Surveill. 2010; 15 (24): 19592. [DOI:10.2807/ese.15.24.19592-en]
4. Jasmine Kaur S.K.Jai: Role of antigens and virulence factors of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi in its pathogenesis; microbiological research Volume 167, Issue 4, 20 April 2012, Pages 199-210). [DOI:10.1016/j.micres.2011.08.001]
5. World Health Organization, Background document: The diagnosis, treatment and prevention of typhoid fever, Department of Vaccines and Biologicals CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. 2020.
6. Von Kalckreuth V, Konings F, Aaby P, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Ali M, Aseffa A, et al. The Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP): Clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiological methodologies. Clin Infect Dis. 2016; 62 (1): 9-16. [DOI:10.1093/cid/civ693]
7. Ackers ML, Puhr ND, Tauxe RV, Mintz ED. laboratory-based surveillance of Salmonella serotype typhi infections in the United States antimicrobial resistance on the rise. JAMA. 2000; 283 (20): 2668-73. [DOI:10.1001/jama.283.20.2668]
8. Eng SK, Pusparajah P, Ab Mutalib NS, Ser HL, Chan KG, Lee LH. Salmonella: A review on pathogenesis, epidemiology antimicrobial resistance. Front Life Sci. 2015; 8 (3): 284-93. [DOI:10.1080/21553769.2015.1051243]
9. Bharmoria A, Shukla A, Sharma K. Typhoid Fever as a Challenge for Developing Countries and Elusive Diagnostic Approaches Available for the Enteric Fever. Int J Vaccine Res. 2017; 2 (2): 1-16. [DOI:10.15226/2473-2176/2/2/00118]
10. Crump JA, Karlsson MS, Gordon MA, Parry CM. Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015; 28 (4): 901-37. [DOI:10.1128/CMR.00002-15]
11. Raveendran R, Datta S, wattal C. drug resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype typhi and paratyphi A. JIMSA. 2010; 23 (121).
12. Evanson M, English M. Typhoid fever in children in Africa. Trop Med Int Health. 2008; 13 (4): 532-40. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02031.x]
13. M. Okome-Nkoumou, E. Ayo Nkana, J. Békalé, M. Kombila. Adult typhoid fevers in an internal medicine department in Libreville, Gabon 2018. Department of Parasitology-Mycology-Tropical Medicine, FMSS, BP 861, Libreville, Gabon14. Beyene G, Asrat D, Mengistu Y, Aseffa A, Wain J. Typhoid fever in Ethiopia. J Infect Develop Countries. 2008;2(6):448-53
14. Climate, weather by month, average temperature for Franceville (Gabon) - Weather Spark.
15. Agbenu E, d'Almeida H, Kolou M, Aho M, Agbetiafa K, Padaro E, et al. Evaluation of the practice of Widal and Felix serodiagnosis in Togo. Med Trop. 2010; 70 (1): 43-8.
16. Freter R, Rose NR, Friedman H. Manual of clinical immunology. Washington D.C.: American Society for Microbiology; 1976. Agglutination titration (Widal) for the diagnosis of enteric fever and other entero bacterial infections.
17. Nyamusore J, Nahimana MR, Ngoc CT, Olu O, Isiaka A, Ndahindwa V, et al. Risk factors for transmission of Salmonella Typhi in Mahama refugee camp, Rwanda: a matched case-control study. Pan Afr Med J. 29, 148. [DOI:10.11604/pamj.2018.29.148.12070]
18. Ohanu ME, Iroezindu MO, Maduakor U, Onodugo OD, Gugnani HC. Typhoid fever among febrile Nigerian patients: Prevalence, diagnostic performance of the Widal test and antibiotic multi-drug resistance. Malawi Med J. 31(3): 184-92. [DOI:10.4314/mmj.v31i3.4]
19. Fusheini A, Gyawu SK. Prevalence of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in the Hohoe Municipality of the Volta Region, Ghana: A Five-Year Retrospective Trend Analysis. Ann Glob Health. 2020; 86 (1): 111. [DOI:10.5334/aogh.2833]
20. Okome-Nkoumou M, Ayo Nkana E, Békalé J, Kombila M. Typhoid and paratyphoid fever in adults in the Internal Medicine Department at Libreville (Gabon). Sante. 2000;10 (3): 205-9.
21. Prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Gabon: Results of the GDHS-II Survey Demographic and Health of Gabon 201221. Houston S. Salmonella typhi and HIV infection with common iliac artery occlusion, Cent Afr J Med. 1994 Feb; 40 (2): 48-52.
22. Eida Nurhadzira M, Abdul Mutalip MH, Hazrin Hasim M, Paiwai F, Pan S, Fikri Mahmud MA, et al. The burden of typhoid fever in Klang Valley, Malaysia, 2011-2015. BMC Infect Dis. 2020; 20 (1) : 843. [DOI:10.1186/s12879-020-05500-x]
23. Uttah EC, Osim SE, Etta H, Ogban E, Okon NEE. Four-year longitudinal assessment of the prevalence of typhoid fever among those attending the General Hospital Etinan, Nigeria. Int J Sci Res. 2013; 3 (7):150-3.
24. Malisa A, Nyaki H. Prevalence and constraints of typhoid fever and its control in an endemic area of Singida region in Tanzania: Lessons for effective control of the disease. Int J Public Health Epidemiol. 2010; 2 (5): 93-9.
25. Whitaker JA, Franco-Paredes C. Rethinking typhoid fever vaccines: Implications for travelers and people living in highly endemic areas. J Travel Med. 2009; 16 (1): 46-52. [DOI:10.1111/j.1708-8305.2008.00273.x]
26. Von Kalckreuth V, Konings F, Aaby P, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Ali M, Aseffa A, et al. The Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP): Clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiological methodologies. Clin Infect Dis. 2016; 62 (1): 9-16. [DOI:10.1093/cid/civ693]
27. Gordon MA, Graham SM, Walsh AL, Wilson A, Phiri A, Molyneux E, et al. Epidemics of invasive Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and S. enterica Serovar typhimurium infection associated with multidrug resistance among adults and children in Malawi. Clin Infect Dis. 2008; 46 (7): 963-9. [DOI:10.1086/529146]
28. Mefane C, Omwanga D. Serology, antibiotic susceptibility and phage typing of some Salmonella strains isolated from children hospitalized at CHL. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales. 1986; 79: 165-71.
29. Gendron Y, Thevenieau D, Touze JE, Mail-loux C, Barabe P. Typhoid fever in adult patients in Ouagadougou (analytic study of 124 cases). Med Trop. 1981; 41 (6): 625-31.
30. Parthasarathy A. Textbook of pediatric infectious disease. India. 2nd ed: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2019. p. 244. ISBN 978-93-5270-250-3.
Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.