Volume 8, Issue 4 (10-2020)                   JoMMID 2020, 8(4): 148-154 | Back to browse issues page

XML Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
alamholo M. Investigation of Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Thymus daenensis and Thymus eriocalyx Essential Oils against Human Pathogenic Bacteria. JoMMID 2020; 8 (4) :148-154
URL: http://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-265-en.html
Investigation of Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Thymus daenensis and Thymus eriocalyx Essential Oils against Human Pathogenic Bacteria
Mostafa Alamholo
Bu Ali Sina University
Abstract:   (1659 Views)
Introduction: Plant essential oils can be used as alternative agents for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity of Thymus eriocalyx and Thymus daenensis essential oils against Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria. Methods: The aerial part of Thymus eriocalyx and Thymus daenensis in the full flowering stage were collected from West Azerbaijan Province (Urmia), Iran, in 2014. We obtained the essential oils using a Clevenger device. The disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the essential oils against 15 Gram-positive and Gram-negative PTCC and ATCC bacterial standards. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were measured by microdilution broth method in 96-well plate and free radical scavenging activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. Chemical analysis of the essential oils performed out by gas chromatography connected to Mass spectrometry. Results: Eleven (94.06%) and seven (90.76%) compounds were identified in T. eriocalyx and T. daenensis essential oils, respectively. The major components of T. eriocalyx essential oil were thymol (37.8%) and α-terpineol (14.91%), and of T. daenensis were thymol (52.36%) and carvacrol (16.72%). T. eriocalyx essential oil showed the highest activity against B. cereus with MIC of 0.93 μg mL- and MBC of 1.87 μg mL-. The most potent radical scavenging activity was also obtained for T. daenensis essential oil. Conclusion:  Essential oil components of T. eriocalyx and T. daenensis may have the potential to be used as antimicrobial agents against antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria. 
Keywords: Essential oil, Antibacterial, Chemical composition, Pathogenic bacteria, Thymus spp
Full-Text [PDF 1292 kb]   (909 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Original article | Subject: Anti-microbial agents, resistance and treatment protocols
Received: 2020/08/25 | Accepted: 2020/10/19 | Published: 2021/02/13
References
1. Sharma B, Kumar P. Extraction and pharmacological evaluation of some extracts of Tridax procumbens and Capparis deciduas. I J A R N P. 2009; 1 (4): 5-12.
2. Mata AT, Proenaca C, Ferreira AR, Serralheiro MLM, Nogueira JMF, Araujo ME. Antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of five plants used as Portuguese food species. Food Chem. 2007; 103: 778-86. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.09.017]
3. Morales R. Synopsis of the genus Thymus L. in the Mediterranean is Lagascalia. 1997; 19 (1): 249-62.
4. Nejad Ebrahimi S, Hadian J, Mirjalili MH, Sonboli A, Yousefzadi M. Essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of Thymus caramanicus at different phonological stages. Food Chem. 2008; 110: 927-31. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.083]
5. Morton JF. Major medicinal plants, botany, culture and uses. Charles C. Thomas Publisher. Bannerstone House. 1977; p 431.
6. Sefidkon F, Askari F. Essential oil composition of 5 Thymus species. I M A P R. 2002; 12: 29-51.
7. Zeina B, Othman O, Al-Assad S. Effect of honey versus Thyme on rubella virus survival in vitro. J Altern Comp Med. 1996; 2 (3): 8-34. [DOI:10.1089/acm.1996.2.345]
8. Weiss RF, Fintelmann V. Herbal medicine. 2nd ed. AB Arcanum. New York 2000; 197-9.
9. Loziene K, Venskutonis PR, Sipailiene A, Labokas J. Radical scavenging and antibacterial properties of the extracts from different Thymus pulegioides L. chemotypes. Food Chem. 2007; 103: 546-59. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.08.027]
10. Kordali S, Kotan R, Mavi A, Cakir A, Ala A, Yildirim A. Determination of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Artemisia dracunculus and of the antifungal and antibacterial activities of Turkish Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia dracunculus, Artemisia santonicum and Artemisia spicigera essential oils. J Agric Food Chem. 2005; 53: 9452-8. [DOI:10.1021/jf0516538]
11. Sylvestre M, Pichette A, Longtin A, Nagau F, Legault J. Essential oil analysis and anticancer activity of leaf essential oil of Croton flavens L. from Guadeloupe. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006; 103: 99-102. [DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2005.07.011]
12. Trombetta D, Castelli F, Sarpietro MG, Venuti V, Cristani M, Daniele C. Mechanisms of antibacterial action of three monoterpenes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005; 49: 2474-8. [DOI:10.1128/AAC.49.6.2474-2478.2005]
13. Magi G, Marini E, Facinelli B, Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and carvacrol, and synergy of carvacrol and erythromycin, against clinical, erythromycin-resistant group A Streptococci. Front Microbiol. 2015; 6 (164). [DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00165]
14. Friedman M. Chemistry and multibeneficial bioactivities of carvacrol (4-isopropyl-2-methylphenol), a component of essential oils produced by aromatic plants and spices. J Agric Food Chem. 2014; 62: 7652-70. [DOI:10.1021/jf5023862]
15. Palaniappan K, Holley RA. Use of natural antimicrobials to increase antibiotic susceptibility of drug resistant bacteria. Int J Food Microbiol. 2010; 140:164-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.04.001]
16. Kalvandi R, Sefidkon F, Atri M, Mirza M. Analysis of the essential oil of Thymus eriocalyx from Iran. Flavour Fragr J. 2004; 19: 341-3. [DOI:10.1002/ffj.1312]
17. Sokmen A, Gulluce M, Akpulat HA, Daferera D, Tepe B, Polissiou M, et al. The in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils and methanol extracts of endemic Thymus spathulifolius. Food Control. 2004; 15: 627-34. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodcont.2003.10.005]
18. Amiri H. Essential oils composition and antioxidant properties of three Thymus species. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2012; 1-8.
19. Changqing Wu, Chen F, Wang X, Kim HJ, He GQ, Haley-Zitlin V, et al. Antioxidant constituents in feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) extract and their chromatographic quantification. Food Chem. 2006; 96: 220-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.02.024]
20. Baser KHC. Aromatic biodiversity among the flowering plant taxa of Turkey. Pure App Chem. 2002; 74: 527-45. [DOI:10.1351/pac200274040527]
21. Shojaemehr M, Alamholo M. In vitro investigation of antibacterial properties of Citrus medica essential oil against some human pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Herbal Drugs. 2019a; 10 (1): 47-52.
22. Collins CH, Lyne PM, Grange JM. Microbiological methods. Sixth ed. Butterworths. London. 1989; p 410.
23. Bradshaw LJ. Laboratory of microbiology, fourth ed. Saunders College Publishing, California Harcourt Brace Javanovich College, USA. 1992; p 435.
24. Shojaemehr M, Alamholo M. Antibacterial activity of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of various organs of Citrus medica on 10 human pathogenic in vitro. Iran J Med Microbiol. 2019b; 13(4): 310-20. [DOI:10.30699/ijmm.13.4.310]
25. Alamhulu M, Nazeri S. Assessment of the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of stem and leaf alcoholic extracts of Dendrostellera lesserti. J M W. 2015a; 7(4): 289-98.
26. Alamhulu M, Nazeri S. Investigation antibacterial and antioxidant activities of alcoholic extracts of flower and root Dendrostelleralesserti on some human pathogenic bacteria. Avicenna J Clin Med. 2015b; 21(4): 277-85.
27. Stojicevic SS, Stanisiavljevic IT, Velickovic DT, Veljkovic VB, Lazic ML. Comparative screening of the anti-oxidant and antimicrobial activities of Sempervivum marmoreum L. extracts obtained by various extraction techniques. J Serbian Chem Soc. 2008; 73(6): 597-600. [DOI:10.2298/JSC0806597S]
28. Sahin F, Gulluce M, Daferera D, Sokmen A, Sokmen M, Polissiou M. Biological activities of the essential oils and methanol extract of Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Food Control. 2004; 15 (7): 549-57. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodcont.2003.08.009]
29. Karaman I, Sahin F, Güllüce M, Ögütçü H, Sengül M, Adıgüzel A. Antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Juniperus oxycedrus L. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003; 85 (2-3): 231-5. [DOI:10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00006-0]
30. Wattanasatcha A, Rengpipat S, Wanichwecharungruang S. Thymol nanospheres as an effective antibacterial agent. Int J Pharm. 2012; 434: 360-5. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.06.017]
31. Teimouri M. Antimicrobial activity and essential oil composition of Thymus daenensis Celak from Iran. J Med Plant Res. 2012; 6 (4): 631-5. [DOI:10.5897/JMPR11.1347]
32. Nickavar B, Mojab F, Dolat Abadi R. Analysis of the essential oils of two Thymus species from Iran. Food Chem. 2005; 90: 609-11. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.04.020]
33. Karaman S, Digrak M, Ravid U Ilcim A. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of the essential oils of Thymus revolutus Celak from Turkey. J Ethnopharmacol. 2001; 76: 183-6. [DOI:10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00238-0]
34. Rasooli I, Mirmostafa SA. Antibacterial properties of Thymus pubescens and Thymus serpyllum essential oils. Journal of Fitoterapia. 2002; 73: 244-50. [DOI:10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00064-3]
35. Miri R, Ramezani M, Javidnia K, Ahmadi L. Composition of the volatile oil of Thymus transcaspicus Klokov from Iran. Flavour Fragr J. 2002; 17: 245-6. [DOI:10.1002/ffj.1104]
36. Sefidkon F, Dabiri M, Rahimi Bidgoly A. The effect of distillation methods and stage of plant growth on the essential oil content and composition of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss and Hohen. Flavour Fragr J. 1999; 14: 405-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199911/12)14:6<405::AID-FFJ853>3.0.CO;2-M [DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199911/12)14:63.0.CO;2-M]
37. Talei GR, Meshkatalsadat, MH. Antibacterial activity and chemical constitutions of essential oils of Thymus persicus and Thymus eriocalyx from West of Iran. P J B S. 2007; 10 (21): 3923-6. [DOI:10.3923/pjbs.2007.3923.3926]
38. Qaralleh HN, Abboud MM, Khleifat KHM, Tarawneh KHA, Althunibat OY. Antibacterial activity in vitro of Thymus capitatus from Jordan. P J P S. 2009; 22: 247-51.
39. Ultee A, Kets EPW, Smid EJ. Mechanisms of action of carvacrol on the food borne pathogen Bacillus cereus. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999; 65 (10): 4606-10. [DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.10.4606-4610.1999]
40. Delaquis PJ, Stanich K, Girard B, Mazza G. Antimicrobial of individual and mixed fraction of dill, cilantro, coriander and eucalyptus essential oils. Int J Food Microbiol. 2002; 74: 101-9. [DOI:10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00734-6]
41. Shojaemehr M, Alamholo M, Soltani J. Investigation of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Citrus medica L extract on human pathogenic bacteria. Avicenna. J Clin Microb Infec. 2020; 7 (1): 8-14. [DOI:10.34172/ajcmi.2020.02]
Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.