Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

en Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli in a Tertiary Hospital in India Anti-microbial agents, resistance and treatment protocols Anti-microbial agents, resistance and treatment protocols Original article Original article Introduction: Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB), particularly the Acinetobacter baumannii complex (ABC) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are common causes of infections in both hospitalized patients and outpatients, posing significant clinical and therapeutic challenges. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of NFGNB, specifically ABC and P. aeruginosa, isolated from pus specimens obtained from both hospitalized patients and outpatients. Methods: This study investigated the antibiotic resistance patterns of NFGNB, focusing on ABC and P. aeruginosa, isolated from pus samples collected from both hospitalized patients and outpatients. The isolates were tested for multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensive drug resistance (XDR) using standardized microbiological protocols. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to summarize the findings. Results: Out of 1234 pus samples received, 117 (9.5%) NFGNB were isolated, accounting for 30% of the total Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) isolates. The majority of NFGNB (82.9%, n = 97/117) were isolated from inpatients, with surgical site infections being the most common clinical condition (33.3%, n = 39/117). Among the NFGNB isolates, P. aeruginosa was the predominant species (76.9%, n = 90/117), followed by A. baumannii (22.2%, n = 26/117). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 37.7% (n = 34/90) of P. aeruginosa isolates were MDR and 13% (n = 12/90) were XDR, while 65% (n = 17/26) of A. baumannii isolates were MDR and 26.9% (n = 7/26) were XDR. Conclusion: This study highlights the emergence of NFGNB as significant nosocomial pathogens, exhibiting a high degree of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The findings underscore the urgent need to enhance and strictly implement effective antibiotic stewardship policies, including the development of new antibiotic regimens and antimicrobial resistance surveillance programs, to combat the growing resistance of nosocomial pathogens and ultimately improve patient outcomes. Acinetobacter baumannii, Multidrug-resistant (MDR), Extensive drug resistant (XDR), Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 121 130 http://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-565-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Rinku Yadav rinkuyadav261@gmail.com No Department of Microbiology, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India. Pin Code: 124001 Sonia Mehta drsoniamehta.21@gmail.com 0009-0007-8228-376X Yes Department of Microbiology, B.R. Ambedkar State Institute of Medical Sciences, Mohali, Punjab, India. Pin Code: 160055 Rosy Bala rosy.nitin10@gmail.com No Department of Microbiology, M.M Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Mullana, Haryana, India. Pin Code: 133207 Varsha Ashok kumar Singh singhvarul@gmmail.com 0000-0003-2724-1456 No Department of Microbiology, Rajmata Vijaya Raje Scindia Government Medical College, Bhilwara, Rajasthan, India. Pin Code: 311001 Muskan Khullar khullar.muskan@gmail.com 0009-0007-0099-5211 No Department of Microbiology, District Hospital, Mohali, Punjab, India, Pin code: 160055 Parminder Singh parrysingh1206@gmail.com No Government Civil Hospital, Kaithal, Haryana, India. Pin Code: 136027