en Infectious diseases and public health Infectious diseases and public health Original article Original article <b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Introduction: </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global health, and vaccines have been crucial in mitigating severe outcomes. However, the effect of type 2 diabetes on vaccine-induced immune responses is not fully understood. This study aims to analyze SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes and compare them to individuals without diabetes to elucidate the complex interactions between diabetes and immune responses.<b> Methods: </b>At GMC Srinagar, India, a study involving 299 healthcare workers reviewed their vaccination status, SARS-CoV-2 infection history, and diabetes status. Blood samples were analyzed for HbA1c and IgG antibodies using ELISA and chemiluminescence assays. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze demographic data and compare groups. <b>Results:</b> More than two-thirds of the participants had prior COVID-19 infections, and vaccination rates were high. Diabetes significantly impacted antibody levels, with diabetic individuals showing lower IgG titers compared to non-diabetic individuals. Age and gender also influenced antibody levels: individuals aged 41-50 and 51-60 had higher anti-S antibody titers than younger age groups (t-test = 52.603, df = 15, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Males exhibited higher anti-S antibody titers compared to females (t-test = 7.483, df = 5, <i>P</i> = 0.007). Booster doses of the vaccine significantly enhanced antibody responses.<b> Conclusion: </b>This study highlights the impact of diabetes, age, gender, and vaccination history on SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in healthcare workers. Diabetic individuals had lower antibody titers, while age and gender differences also affected antibody responses. These findings suggest the need for personalized vaccination strategies, especially for diabetic healthcare workers, to optimize COVID-19 prevention and ensure effective immunity.</span></span></span><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-weight:normal"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-weight:normal"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, Type 2 diabetes, Healthcare workers, Vaccine Efficacy, Antibody titers 100 109 http://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-529-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mariya Rouf Tramboo mariyarouftramboo@gmail.com 0009-0001-4006-483X Yes Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India Anjum Farhana anjumfarhana0011@gmail.com 0009-0007-8222-6482 No Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India Danish Zahoor danishzahoor240@gmail.com 0009-0008-0268-0472 No Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India Ilhaam Iqbal ilhamiqbal0011@gmail.com 0009-0006-6453-9445 No Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India Zahoor Mohuiddin zahoormohuiddin@gmail.com 0009-0003-2939-420X No Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India