en Infectious diseases and public health Infectious diseases and public health Original article Original article <strong>Introduction</strong>: Pulmonary fungal infections are a significant etiology of morbidity among immunocompromised and immunosuppressed patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fungal pathogens and associated risk factors among pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and non-PTB patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria. <strong>Methods</strong>: Three consecutive early morning sputum samples were collected from 43 PTB patients and 173 non-PTB persons and then examined for fungal pathogens using standard mycological stains, microscopy, and biochemical assays. All the participants were screened for HIV by the World Health Organization HIV testing algorithm and <em>M. tuberculosis</em> infection using GeneXpert &reg; nested PCR equipment. Samples with at least two significant fungal growths were considered positive. <strong>Results</strong>: Out of 216 sputa, 73.6% showed fungal growth in cultures. One hundred percent and 67% of PTB and non-PTB participants had positive sputa culture, respectively. In PTB patients, <em>Candida albicans</em> (25.6%) and <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> (20.9%), and in non-PTB individuals <em>A. fumigatus</em> (51.7%) and <em>A. nigar</em> (17.2%) were the most prevalent species. Age and residential areas were significantly associated with fungal infection in PTB and non-PTB subjects (<em>p</em>˂0.05). Cigarette smoking, prolonged antibiotic use, and having domestic pets were significant risk factors for developing pulmonary fungal infections in both groups (<em>p</em>˂0.05). None of the studied risk factors was significantly associated with pulmonary mycosis among TB patients (<em>p</em>˃0.05). However, prolonged use of antibiotics was a significant risk factor of pulmonary fungal infection among non-TB patients (<em>p=</em>0.009). <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Our study showed that PTB was a predisposing factor for fungal infection, especially among individuals with low socioeconomic status. Pulmonary Symptoms, Risk factors, Fungal Infection, Mycosis, Tuberculosis coinfection 76 83 http://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-38-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Fatima Muhammad Sani 0000-0003-0075-3320 No Department of Biological Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria Idris Nasir Abdullahi inabdullahi@abu.edu.ng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5511-1272 Yes Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria Olawale Sunday Animasaun 0000-0002-5203-6174 No Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria Peter Elisha Ghamba 0000-0001-5596-6759 No WHO National Polio Laboratory, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria Abubakar Umar Anka 0000-0001-7983-8284 No Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria Matthew Oluwafemi Salami 0000-0003-4588-0438 No Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal School of Medical Laboratory Science, Jos, Nigeria Amos Dangana 0000-0001-9955-3841 No Department of Medical Laboratory Services, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja Nigeria Dele Ohinoyi Amadu 0000-0003-2332-9856 No Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria Ahaneku Iherue Osuji 0000-0002-8124-3674 No Department of Medical Laboratory Services, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja Nigeria