en Infectious diseases and public health Infectious diseases and public health Mini Review Mini Review <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by <i>Leishmania</i> species and is prevalent in many of the world&#39;s tropical and subtropical countries. This neglected disease primarily impacts the tropical and subtropical regions of the world; however, climate change could exacerbate this scenario and lead to the wider dissemination of the disease, a<b> </b>threat amplified by the fact that there is no protective vaccine or immunotherapy available. To address this challenge, controlled human infection models (CHIM) have been developed to delineate the early events following infection. These models leverage single-cell multi-omics technologies and artificial intelligence to generate large-scale data, which is then integrated into a system encompassing parasite heterogeneity and the host immune profile. This approach aims to more precisely deconvolute the intricacies of the host-parasite-vector interplay, potentially leading to the development of more effective vaccines or therapies. This mini-review highlights the role of novel technologies in unraveling host-pathogen dynamic. </span></span></span></span></span></div> <br> &nbsp; Leishmania, Host-pathogen interaction, Single-cell multi-omics, Controlled Human Infection Model (CHIM), Vaccine 173 176 http://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-657-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Negar Seyed negarse@gmail.com 0000-0002-4612-8144 Yes Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran