en Infectious diseases and public health Infectious diseases and public health Review article Review article <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The development of expression systems using non-pathogenic microorganisms has enabled efficient and safe platforms for medical and food applications, including functional foods with therapeutic benefits. Among non-pathogenic bacteria, <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> (<i>L. lactis</i>) is widely used in biotechnology for various applications, such as vaccine development and protein expression. <i>L. lactis </i>serves as an effective<i> in vivo </i>expression system for developing vaccines and therapeutics in medical research, particularly for parasitic diseases. This review highlights examples of <i>L. lactis</i>-based vaccines for parasitic diseases, demonstrating their ability to elicit protective cellular and humoral immune responses.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> &nbsp; Lactococcus lactis, Expression system, Live-vector vaccine, Parasitic diseases, Adjuvant 16 29 http://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-623-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Elaheh Davarpanah elahedavarpanah@yahoo.com 0000-0002-5898-1732 No Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Negar Seyed negarse@gmail.com 0000-0001-8249-6692 No Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Tahereh Taheri tahereh_t@yahoo.com 0000-0002-2619-6879 Yes Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran