en Microbial pathogenesis Microbial pathogenesis Original article Original article <strong>Introduction: </strong>Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common genital tract infections among women, especially in diabetic patients. The increasing prevalence of recurrent infections caused by drug-resistant non-<em>albicans</em> species necessitates further studies on diabetic patients and the identification of causative agents by reliable molecular techniques. The obtained results can assist in adopting proper treatment procedures and prevention of recurrent vulvovaginitis (RVVC). <strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional study, 150 vaginal discharge samples were collected from diabetic women suspected of candidiasis referring to health centers in Tehran province. Following the culture of samples on SDA, CHROMagar <em>Candida</em> and PCR-RFLP were used for presumptive and definitive identification of <em>Candida</em> species, respectively. <strong>Results: </strong>Out of 115 positive patients, 105 showed infection with one species, and 10 had a mixed infection with two species. The frequency of <em>Candida glabrata</em> isolated from non-mixed and mixed infections in RVVC group was higher than <em>Candida albicans</em> (27.8% vs. 9.6%), which contradicted the results of the VVC group (6.1% vs. 24.3%). In the RVVC group, therefore, the patients were more infected with non-<em>albicans</em> species than <em>C. albicans</em> (47.8% vs. 9.6%), while in the VVC group the non-<em>albicans</em> were of lower frequency (18.3% vs. 24.3%). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings showed a statistically significant correlation (<em>P</em><0.001) between the frequency of <em>C. glabrata</em> and the prevalence of RVVC. On the other hand, that blood sugar, duration of diabetes, and antibiotics usage had significant correlations (<em>P</em><0.001) with the recurrence of severe symptoms.&nbsp; Candida glabrata, Diabetes Mellitus, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Vulvovaginal candidiasis, Iran 44 51 http://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-203-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mansoureh Paknejadi dr.m.paknejadi@gmail.com 0000000212826921 No Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mansour Bayat dr.m.391570@gmail.com 0000000265525559 Yes Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Vadood Razavilar dr.vr1934@gmail.com 0000000313370812 No Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran