Showing 2 results for Respiratory Tract
Mahshid Saeedi, Leila Fozouni,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (9-2022)
Abstract
Introduction: Nosocomial respiratory infections are a significant cause of mortality in hospitalized patients in Middle East countries. This study assesses the prevalence of nosocomial respiratory infection and associated factors as a tool for early diagnosis among intensive care unit (ICU) patients at risk for mortality. Methods: From January to November 2021, 357 patients with more than 72 h hospitalization in ICU were monitored. Respiratory samples were examined for the presence of microbial isolates using clinical microbiology procedures based upon microscopic morphology, cultural and PCR methods. Demographic data were collected, including age, gender, date of hospitalization, underlying diseases, date of death, and laboratory data. Results: Out of fifty-three positive cultures, 18 samples (34%) were positive for fungal isolates, and the rest were positive for bacterial isolates. The most common bacterial and fungal isolates were Streptocossus Pyogenes (17.9%) and Candida albicans (22.5%). Of the infected patients, 67.9% were male, 39.62 % had kidney diseases, and 15.09% died due to nosocomial infections. The results also showed that the tumor necrosis factor α and complement component 3 levels were significantly associated with the incidence of respiratory fungal or bacterial infections (P<0.05). Conclusions: The rate of respiratory nosocomial infection in ICU patients was high. It is essential to implement control measures such as managing the length of hospital stay and examining the patient's immune factors to reduce the risk of these infections in ICU patients. Also, ICU patients should be prescribed appropriate antibiotics to prevent respiratory infections.
Sachin K Sharma, Saheli Bhadra, Tarana Sarwat, Dalip K Kakru,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (6-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a common global health problem, and antibiotic resistance remains a significant concern for doctors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid at a tertiary care center in Western Uttar Pradesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to June 2022, in which BAL fluid samples were collected from patients attending the tertiary care center. The samples were processed for bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results: Out of 112 BAL samples cultured, 84 showed growths of bacterial pathogens, with 82 (97.6%) being Gram-negative bacteria and 29 (35%) of these being extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. The percentage of multiple drug-resistant (MDR) isolates was 77.38% (65/84). The Gram-negative isolates were most sensitive to imipenem, followed by ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and tetracycline. Cephalosporins and piperacillin-tazobactam showed a high resistance pattern to these bacteria. The Gram-positive isolates were susceptible to linezolid and vancomycin. Conclusion: The high prevalence of ESBL-producing and MDR isolates in BAL samples highlights the need for the prudent administration of antibiotics and the creation of local antibiograms to guide empirical therapy. This study provides valuable information on the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial pathogens causing LRTIs, which can aid in developing effective treatment strategies.
