en Infectious diseases and public health Infectious diseases and public health Original article Original article <p dir="ltr"><strong><span style="font-family:garamond,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Introduction:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:garamond,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> Brucellosis is a major health problem in northeast of Iran.&nbsp;There is not much data on the&nbsp;association of nutrition and lifestyle factors with the risk of brucellosis in this area. We conducted the present study to determine the risk factors of brucellosis in Khorasan-e Razavi Province, northeastern Iran.&nbsp;<strong>Methods</strong>: we conducted a case-control study from&nbsp;July 2015 to March 2016 in three cities of Khorasan-e Razavi Province.&nbsp;Cases and controls were recruited from individuals attending primary care and were&nbsp;matched&nbsp;together based on their age (&plusmn;&nbsp;2&nbsp;years) and gender. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected with a valid questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression was used in Stata software V13.&nbsp;<strong>Results</strong>: We recruited 180 incident cases and 360 controls, of which 53.9% were male, and 90.0% were living in rural areas. Consumption of unpasteurized&nbsp;yogurt (OR): 5.4; 95% CI: 2.5-11.5),&nbsp;milk (OR: 6.0; 95% CI: 3.0-11.9),&nbsp;and&nbsp;cheese&nbsp;(OR = 3.7; 95% CI: 1.7-8.1), as well as engagement in livestock-related&nbsp;occupations&nbsp;(OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.2-5.2)&nbsp;significantly increased the adjusted risk of brucellosis.&nbsp;Conversely, having academic education (OR: 0.1; 95% CI: 0.01-0.5), consuming unpasteurized&nbsp;butter (OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-0.8), and timely animal vaccination (OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-0.5) had a protective effect on brucellosis.&nbsp;<strong>Conclusion</strong>: The risk factors identified in this&nbsp;study are lifestyle- and occupation- related modifiable factors.&nbsp;So, the disease&nbsp;incidence is expected to decrease in this region with modification of these risk factors, such as animal vaccination, personal protection at work, and public health education.</span></span></p> Brucelloses, Case Control, Risk Factors, Iran 20 24 http://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-136-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Hamid Sharifi sharifihami@gmail.com Yes HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Morteza Abbasi mortezaabasi600@yahoo.com No Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Sana Eybpoosh sana Eybpoosh@gmail.com No Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging infectious diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Javad alinejad alinejadj1@thums.ac.ir No Graduate Health Education and Health Promotion Center for health University of Medical Sciences, Torbat-e Heydarieh, Iran Hesameddin Akbarein dr.akbarein@gmail.com No Department of Food Hygiene and Quality control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran